What does the constitutional standard of particularity require in search and seizure warrants?

The constitutional standard of particularity requires that a search and seizure warrant must clearly specify who is to be searched, what specifically is to be searched, and what items are to be seized. This requirement is rooted in the Fourth Amendment, which protects citizens from unreasonable searches and seizures.

By mandating specificity, the particularity standard aims to prevent general or exploratory searches, ensuring that law enforcement officials have a clear and precise directive that outlines the scope of their authority. This specificity not only protects the rights of individuals but also serves to establish a clear limit on the actions of law enforcement, reducing the risk of abuse.

Options that focus only on the address, the names of officers involved, or details of previous convictions do not fulfill the constitutional requirement. They either lack the essential detail regarding what is to be searched and seized or do not relate to the particulars necessary for executing a lawful search warrant. Thus, the requirement of clarity regarding the persons and items involved is fundamental to safeguarding individual liberties.