What is the process of "discovery" in a criminal case?

The process of "discovery" in a criminal case refers to the legal procedure where both the prosecution and defense exchange information and evidence relevant to the case. This ensures that both parties are aware of the evidence that may be presented at trial, enabling a fair trial and allowing each side to prepare its arguments adequately.

Discovery plays a critical role in the legal system because it helps to prevent surprises during trial and promotes transparency. By exchanging witness lists, documents, and other pertinent evidence, both sides can assess the strengths and weaknesses of their case, making informed decisions about plea bargaining or trial strategies. This process supports the principle of due process, ensuring that the defendant has access to the necessary information to defend themselves effectively.

In contrast, the other choices address different aspects of the legal process, such as selecting witnesses, investigating crime scenes, or presenting formal charges, but they do not encompass the comprehensive exchange of information that is central to the discovery process.