Which of the following can be an indicator that a crime scene has been compromised?

All of the provided options can indicate that a crime scene has been compromised.

The presence of police tape is typically used to secure a crime scene, but if the tape is broken or removed, it suggests that unauthorized individuals may have entered, potentially contaminating evidence.

Footprints that are unrelated to police personnel also signal a breach of the crime scene's integrity. If individuals not involved in the investigation have walked through the scene, they may inadvertently alter or destroy crucial evidence, such as blood spatter or other forensic materials.

Crowds gathered outside the scene can be problematic as well. A large number of bystanders can lead to chaos, allowing individuals to enter or disturb the scene without authorization, further compromising the evidence and surrounding area.

Given that each option illustrates a different aspect of compromised security and integrity at a crime scene, recognizing all these signs is essential for maintaining the proper chain of custody and ensuring an accurate investigation. Therefore, the best choice encompasses the idea that any of these indicators point to a potential compromise of the crime scene.