Which of the following is NOT considered a legal search?

The scenario where police find Sam sleeping in a public park and search him is not considered a legal search primarily because it lacks the necessary justification of probable cause or a reasonable suspicion specifically related to criminal activity. In public places, individuals are generally afforded a certain level of privacy, and law enforcement typically requires a valid reason, such as suspicion of a crime, to conduct a search.

In contrast, searches conducted under the other scenarios are legally supported. When police search a vehicle with probable cause, they are acting on the belief that evidence of a crime is present, which is legally sufficient to conduct a search without a warrant. Similarly, searching with a warrant is a well-established legal procedure that requires judicial approval based on probable cause. Lastly, police are permitted to search a suspect after making an arrest to ensure officer safety and to prevent evidence tampering. Each of these actions demonstrates adherence to legal standards, while the search of Sam does not meet those requirements.