Which of the following would be considered 'real evidence'?

Real evidence refers to physical objects or materials that can be presented in court as direct proof of a fact related to a case. In this scenario, the use of a shotgun that was employed in a crime meets the criteria for real evidence because it is a tangible item that can be examined, tested, and linked directly to the crime in question. This physical object can provide crucial information about the event and can help establish the facts of the case, such as ownership, intent, and actions taken during the commission of the crime.

Witness testimony, while it can provide critical context and a narrative about the events, is not categorized as real evidence since it does not involve a physical item. A police report is likewise not considered real evidence; it is a documented account of the investigation and its findings rather than a physical manifestation of the crime. Surveillance footage, though it is a form of recorded evidence and very important in many cases, is not classified as real evidence in the same way a physical object like a shotgun is, as it involves an audiovisual representation rather than a physical item.