Who established the first organized metropolitan police force in 1829?

The first organized metropolitan police force was established in 1829 by Sir Robert Peel. He is often referred to as the father of modern policing due to his significant influence on law enforcement practices. Peel introduced a systematic approach to policing, emphasizing the importance of community cooperation and the need for police forces to operate ethically and with accountability. His principles were encapsulated in what are now known as the "Peelian Principles," which laid out foundational concepts for policing, such as the necessity for public approval and cooperation to maintain order.

This moment marked a pivotal shift in how law enforcement was structured, moving away from ad-hoc watchmen and into a more organized and professional entity. Peel's model served as a guide for many police organizations around the world, influencing the establishment of police departments in various countries. Understanding this context highlights the impact Peel had on modern policing and the foundations of criminal justice systems today.